問題詳情：
The recovery of trade following the Middle Ages in Europe resulted in a demand for goods from Asia. Trade routes were established across the Mediterranean and through the Middle East to handle this need. But, when the expansion of the Ottoman Empire caused destruction along these routes, Europeans were forced to seek alternative ways of importing these goods.
In the early 1400s, Europeans began exploring the west coast of Africa in search of an all water route to Asia. These early explorations were led by the Portuguese. In1488, Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope(好望角) at the southern tip of Africa. In 1498, Vasco Da Gama established an all water route to India. The success of these explorations led Spain to begin its own voyages. In 1492, Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the Americas for Spain. In 1519, supported by Spain, Ferdinand Magellan started on a voyage westward. He found a southern route around South America and came to the Pacific Ocean. Sailing west, he landed in the Philippine Islands, where he was killed in a fight with the people there. These discoveries had a lasting impact on Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.
European nations competed for colonies across the globe. These colonies were exploited for their raw materials, and used as new markets for European goods. Europeans had little regard for most of the native peoples of these areas, and as a result, there was a great loss of life and culture.
The Age of Exploration is a turning point in history because it changed the way people lived across the world. The biggest aspect of this change deals with the exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology. This is known as the Columbian Exchange, because it starts with Columbus. While many aspects of this exchange had positive effects, such as the exchange of foods between Europe and America, there were also negative effects, such as the exchange of diseases between Europe and America.
Access to new and better foods allowed the European population to grow, and access to the New World gave these people a place to go. New World civilizations such as the Inca and Aztecs faced near total destruction of their cultures either through disease brought by the Europeans or by colonization. Africa faced a forced movement of its people, as slaves became the main labor force in the Americas. The Age of Exploration was both a positive and negative experience for many civilizations.
46. Why did Europeans search for new trade routes to Asia?
A. Asia was a main trade centre at that time.
B. Europeans needed new cultural activities.
C. The original routes were broken down by an empire.
D. The expansion of Ottoman Empire needed more goods.
47. In the 15th century, sailors supported by Spain______. A. sailed across the Atlantic Ocean
B. found an all water route to India C. sailed around the Cape of Good Hope
D. found a southern route to the Pacific Ocean
48. As a result of Columbian Exchange, ______.
A. Africans got new and better foods
B. the European population began to decrease C. some diseases spread among more countries
D. New World civilizations developed more quickly
49. What impact did the European exploration have on Africa?
A. Its economy grew rapidly.
B. Its culture was totally destroyed.
C. There was a huge increase in the African population.
D. Millions of Africans were brought to the Americas as slaves.
50. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The New World B. The Age of Exploration C. The Columbian Exchange D. Great European Navigators(航海家)
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