4、Climate scientists commonly use so-called global Circulation Models (GCMs) that simulate the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and biosphere at a global scale, Easterbrook said.
1、Since life began it has continually shaped and re-shaped the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and the solid earth.
3、Despite its extent and importance, the nature of the cryosphere makes it difficult to visit, study and understand.
2、The main hazards in the cryosphere of Tianshan Mountains include snow avalanche, debris flow, flood and collapse.
