問題詳情：
Recently a new science behind incentives(激勵), _43.___ (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children __44.__ (do) better in school. ___ cases, he gave students incentives based on input(輸入), like reading certain books, while in _46.___, the incentives _ _47. (base) on output, like results on exams. His main __48.__ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be 49.____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over 50.___ they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have 51.___ much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again _52._ you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.
【回答】
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based
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51.a
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